| 引用本文: | 张勇娟,曹 娟,辛晓平,贠旭江,李新一,王加亭,闫瑞瑞,毛平平,朱晓昱※.基于遥感数据对内蒙古陈旗草畜平衡的评价[J].中国农业信息,2019,31(2):18-27 |
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| 基于遥感数据对内蒙古陈旗草畜平衡的评价 |
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张勇娟1,2, 曹 娟1, 辛晓平1, 贠旭江3, 李新一3, 王加亭3, 闫瑞瑞1, 毛平平1, 朱晓昱※1
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1.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所，北京100081;2.乌鲁木齐市林业和草原局，新疆乌鲁木齐 830000;3.全国畜牧总站，北京100081
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】以内蒙古陈巴尔虎旗为对象，评价自实施草原生态保护补助奖励政策后，草
畜平衡的效果，为后期继续实施草畜平衡政策提供政策依据，更好地促进草原生态系统良性
循环，实现草原畜牧业持续发展。【方法】利用2010—2018 年陈旗的遥感数据、地面样方调
查数据进行最优估算模型建立，反演地上生物量，并利用牧业统计数据计算草畜平衡状况。
【结果】（1）建立幂函数能较好模拟产草量与其对应NDVI 值的相关关系；（2）反演草原产
草量表明，实施草原生态保护补助奖励机制政策后，草原植被平均产草量持续增加，2018
年草原植被平均产草量1 231.76 kg/hm2，往年同期相比处于最高值；（3）内蒙古陈旗2010—
2018 年的平均草畜平衡指数8.11%，草畜平衡指数在逐年增大，从2010 年的欠载6% 增加
大超载6.17%，2018 年接近临界超载。【结论】建议内蒙古陈旗要严格控制牲畜数量，调整
牲畜结构，增加牲畜良种率，加强草畜平衡监督管理，使草原生态环境总体逐渐转好，达到
草畜良性循环。 |
| 关键词: 陈旗 遥感 估算产草量 草畜平衡 |
| DOI：10.12105/j.issn.1672-0423.20190203 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金“牧草产业体系”（CARS-34）；国家重点研发计划“草甸草地退化评
估的量化体系与模型构建”（2016YFC0500601）；国家重点研发计划“北方草甸草原生态草牧业技术与集
成示范”（ 2016YFC0500608） |
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| Analysis and evaluation of grass-livestock balance in Chenqi ofInner Mongolia based on remote sensing |
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Zhang Yongjuan1,2, Cao Juan1, Xin Xiaoping1, Yun Xujiang3, Li Xinyi3, Wang Jiating3, Yan Ruirui1, Mao Pingping1, Zhu Xiaoyu※1
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1.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences，
Beijing 100081，China;2.The Institute of Forestry and Grassland in Urumqi City，Xinjiang Urumqi 830000，
China;3.National Animal Husbandry Service ，Beijing 100081，China
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| Abstract: |
| ［Purpose］Taking Chenbalhu Banner of Inner Mongolia as a study region，the
effect of grassland-livestock balance since the implementation of grassland ecological protection
subsidy and incentive policy was evaluated for the further implementation of grassland-livestock
balance policy，so as to promote the virtuous cycle of grassland ecosystem and realize sustainable
development of grassland animal husbandry.［ Method］Based on the remote sensing data and
ground sample survey data of Chenbalhu Banner from 2016 to 2018，the optimal estimation model
was established to retrieve the aboveground biomass and to calculate the balance of grass and
livestock by means of the animal husbandry statistics.［ Result］1. Establishing power function
could fairly simulate the relationship between the yield of grass and its corresponding NDVI value.
2. Inversion of grassland yield showed that the average grassland vegetation yield continued to
increase after the implementation of the incentive mechanism for grassland ecological protection.
The average grassland vegetation yield in 2018 was 1 231.76kg/hm2，which was the highest in the
same period in previous years. 3. Referring to“ Technical Method of Monitoring and Early Warning
of Resources and Environment Carrying Capacity”（ 2016），the livestock overload rate was
applied to evaluate the balance of grass and livestock. In 2010 and 2015，the overload rate was
6.0%，1.2%，and in 2017 and 2018，the overload rate was 9.14% and 6.17%，respectively，
which basically reached the balance of grass and livestock while approaching the critical overload.
［Conclusion］The ecological grassland environment in Chenbalhu Banner has been gradually
improved in a few areas，but is still worsening in general. Therefore，in order to implement the
balance between grassland and livestock，the number of livestock have to be controlled to adjust
the structure of livestock，increase the rate of improved breeds of livestock，thus achieving a
virtuous cycle of grassland and livestock. |
| Key words: Chenbalhu remote sensing estimating grass yield grass and livestock balance |