| 摘要: |
| 【目的】针对谷物收获机脱粒系统研究不够系统的现状，为使学术研究更具系统性和条理性，文章综述了谷物收获机脱粒系统从产生到发展至今的结构形式和应用场合。【方法】在研究过程中，结合现有谷物收获机脱粒系统，运用综述法和对比分析法，分析了谷物收获机脱粒系统的功能原理及结构特点。对影响脱粒质量的因素展开分析，着重对谷物收获装置的发展进程和国内外现状进行对比分析，采取逐一描述的方法，分别对几种脱粒系统作详细描述。【结果】通过对比分析指出脱粒系统结构形式的优缺点及最佳应用场合，在对不同类型脱粒滚筒和凹板间隙组合作研究分析后，得到滚筒转速和凹板间隙对收获质量的影响，体现在谷物颗粒破损与秸秆破碎方面的结果。谷物颗粒破损严重，损失增加；秸秆破碎严重，机器能耗增大。【结论】随着农业机械化和规模化的不断提高，目前谷物收获机的发展进入新的阶段。为满足不同喂入量的需求，有不同类型脱粒滚筒和凹板间隙组合。未来我国的农机将朝着智能化和高效化的方向发展，企业及时抓住这一关键时刻转型，升级产品，提高科技含量和人机交互性，对提高企业产品竞争力、减轻劳动人员的劳动强度、指导我国农业生产具有十分重要的意义。 |
| 关键词: 谷物收获机 脱粒系统 高效收获 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S225.31 |
| 基金项目:山东省农机装备研发创新计划项目(2016YF027)、山东省2018年重点研发计划(重大科技创新工程)项目(2018CXGC0216) |
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| Development of Grain Harvester Threshing and Cleaning System |
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TANG Huaizhuang1, CHEN Xiusheng1, XUE Zhiyuan1, LI Dejian1, XING Xiaoming2
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1.School of Mechanical Engineering,University of Jinan;2.School of Political Science and Law,University of Jinan
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| Abstract: |
| [Objective] In view of the current situation of insufficient system research on grain harvester threshing system, in order to make academic research more systematic and organized, the paper reviews the structural forms and applications of grain harvester threshing system from generation to development. Threshing is the core stage of grain harvesting. The threshing device is the carrier for harvesting on the grain combine harvester. Its performance is an important parameter to measure the quality and efficiency of a grain harvester. It is also the most concerned about design, production and use. Since the generation of the principle of threshing, it has been more than two hundred years of development. [Method] In the research process, combined with the existing grain harvester threshing system, using the review method and comparative analysis method, the functional principle and structural characteristics of the grain harvester threshing system were analyzed. The factors affecting the quality of threshing were analyzed. The development process of the grain harvesting device and the current situation at home and abroad were compared and analyzed. The methods described one by one were used to describe several threshing systems in detail. In today's increasingly developed technology, the use of high-performance high-power computers has enabled the performance analysis of threshing devices to enter a high-level stage, overcoming the problems of traditional technical means behind, low precision, and inaccurate results. There are two main factors that determine the threshing effect, which are the gap between the threshing drum and the gravure screen and the linear speed of the threshing drum. In the research process, the factors affecting the quality of threshing were analyzed, and the conclusions with practical engineering value were obtained. [Results] Through the comparative analysis, the advantages and disadvantages of the structural form of the threshing system and the best application were pointed out. After the cooperation analysis of different types of threshing drum and concave plate gap group, the influence of the drum rotation speed and the concave plate gap on the harvest quality was obtained. The result in terms of grain breakage and straw breakage. The grain particles are seriously damaged and the loss is increased; the straw is broken seriously and the machine energy consumption is increased. [Conclusion] With the continuous improvement of agricultural mechanization and scale, the development of grain harvesters has entered a new stage. There are different types of threshing drum and gravure gap combinations to meet the different feed requirements. In the future, China's agricultural machinery will develop in the direction of intelligence and efficiency. Enterprises will seize this key moment to transform, upgrade products, improve scientific and technological content and human-computer interaction, improve the competitiveness of enterprise products and reduce the labor of laborers. The intensity and guidance of agricultural production in China are of great significance. |
| Key words: Grain harvester Threshing system Efficient harvest |