| 摘要: |
| ［目的］食物保障是关系国计民生的重要问题，但目前国内研究与国际存在着较大差距，文章旨在对食物保障概念及其测度指标与方法进行系统梳理，以期为我国食物保障相关研究提供借鉴。［方法］主要采用文献研究法、对比分析法和总结归纳法，对不同时期食物保障概念及其内涵、不同空间尺度下测度指标与方法进行综述。［结果］（1）宏观尺度研究以食物数量安全为主要目标，利用各国研究机构、统计部门专业数据库数据计算食物保障综合得分，食物供需平衡表、全球饥饿指数、食物不足发生率、全球食物安全指数等为典型指标；（2）中观尺度研究从空间可达性和社会均等性两方面识别某一地区、城市是否存在食物沙漠；（3）微观尺度研究通过问卷调查获取家庭、个人食物消费情况以及应对食物不安全状况所采取的措施，美国家庭食物安全调查、家庭食物不安全状况调查、家庭食物多样性调查、食物消费评分、应对策略等为典型方法。［结论］今后我国食物保障研究应有如下转变：（1）研究对象上，由单纯的粮食安全向包括肉、蛋、奶、水产品、水果和蔬菜等所有食物在内的食物保障转变；（2）研究尺度上，由以宏观国家层面食物供给能力为主逐步向宏观和微观研究兼顾转变；（3）研究内容上，除关注食物数量安全，更注重食物质量安全、流通安全、经济安全和生态安全，在食物沙漠、食物损失、食物浪费等方面应有更多的关注；（4）研究方法上，结合国际经验开发设计符合我国国情的微观层面食物保障评价指标与方法。 |
| 关键词: 食物保障测度指标方法文献综述 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:K901 |
| 基金项目:加拿大人文社科基金项目“Hungry Cities Partnership：Informality，Inclusive Growth and Food Security in Cities of the Global South”（895-2013-3005）； 国家自然科学基金项目：“新型职业农民”培育驱动农业转型对乡村土地利用变化的影响研究（41771189） |
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| REVIEW ON THE RESEARCH OF FOOD SECURITY MEASUREMENT INDICATORS AND METHODS |
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Zhao Zehui, Zhong Taiyang
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School of Geography and Ocean Science，Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023,China
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| Abstract: |
| Food security is an important issue related to national economy and people′s livelihood. There is a big gap between domestic research and international research at present. This paper aims to systematically investigate research of the concept of food security, measurement indicators and methods. This paper mainly adopted the literature analysis and comparative analysis method to examine the concept and connotation of food security in different periods as well as the measurement indicators. The macro scale study took food quantity security as the main objective, and calculated the comprehensive score of food security by using the professional database data of research institutions and statistical departments of various countries. Typical indicators included those indicators from the food balance sheet, global hunger index, prevalence of undernourishment and global food security index. The meso scale study identified the existence of food desert in a certain area or city from the spatial accessibility and social equality. The micro scale research was commonly implemented through the questionnaire survey for the family and individual food consumption and food insecurity situation, whose typical methods included household food security survey module, household food insecurity access scale, household dietary diversity score, food consumption score and coping strategy index in America. There are some implications for the research on food security in China. Firstly, the shift from food security alone to food security for all foods, including meat, eggs, milk, aquatic products, fruits and vegetables. Secondly, in terms of research scale, food supply capacity at the macro national level has gradually changed to both macro and micro research. Thirdly, in terms of the research content, we should pay more attention to food quality and safety, circulation security, economic security and ecological security, food desert, food loss and food waste, etc. Finally, in terms of research methods, it is necessary to develop and design food security evaluation indicators and methods at the micro level which fits in China′s condition. |
| Key words: food security measure indicators method literature review |
