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引用本文:张翠娟.基于生态足迹模型的河南省农业生态承载力动态评价[J].中国农业资源与区划,2020,41(2):246~251
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基于生态足迹模型的河南省农业生态承载力动态评价
张翠娟
郑州旅游职业学院经济贸易系,河南郑州450009
摘要:
[目的]河南省是农业大国,研究其农业生态承载力可持续性不仅对河南省乃至全国都有重要意义。[方法]将生态足迹模型应用于农业领域生态可持续发展分析,将河南省农业生物生产性土地面积划分为耕地、林地、草地、水域用地,分别计算农产品、林产品、水产品及畜牧产品人均生态足迹及承载力。[结果]河南省人均耕地生态足迹由2007年的1491hm2/人上升至2016年的2164hm2/人,增长率4510%,而人均耕地承载力却未出现同步增长,生态赤字不断加大。(2)2007年河南省草地人均生态足迹为0101hm2/人, 2016年上升至0132hm2/人,增长率31%; 而人均草地承载力却出现下降,下降率达262%,处于不可持续发展状态。(3)2007—2016年河南省水域人均生态足迹和人均水域承载力均未有太大变化。相比于耕地、林地和草地,其水域的供求差距最大。降低水域供求矛盾,提高水域及水产品利用效率是关键。(4)在农、林、牧、渔业中,河南省林地的人均生态足迹是唯一呈下降趋势的产业, 2007年人均林地生态足迹为0052hm2/人, 2016年下降为0046hm2/人,下降比率为1154%; 林地的人均生态承载力也是在4个产业中唯一出现增长的产业,上升比率为2790%,但仍处于不可持续状态。[结论]2011—2016年河南省农业生态承载力严重不足,耕地保护、草地的确权及保护、提高水域及水产品利用效率、继续退耕还林是关键。
关键词:  生态足迹生态承载力农业生态赤字河南省
DOI:
分类号:F0622
基金项目:河南省社科联课题“河南省生态经济发展与产业转型研究”(SKL 2014 3427)
DYNAMIC EVALUATION OF AGRICULTURAL ECOLOGICAL CARRYING CAPACITY IN HENAN PROVINCE BASED ON ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT MODEL
Zhang Cuijuan
Department of Economic and Trade, Zhengzhou Tourism College,Zhengzhou, Henan 450009 China
Abstract:
Henan Province is a large agricultural country, and studying the sustainability of its agro ecological carrying capacity is of great significance not only for Henan province but also for the whole country. The ecological footprint model was applied to the analysis of ecological sustainable development in agriculture, and the agricultural bio productive land area in Henan province was divided into cultivated land, forest land, grassland and water land, and the per capita ecological footprint and carrying capacity of agricultural products, forest products, aquatic products and livestock products were calculated. The ecological footprint of per capita cultivated land in Henan province increased from 1.491 hm2/person in 2007 to 2.164 hm2/person in 2016, with a growth rate of 45.10%, while the per capita arable land carrying capacity did not increase synchronously, and the ecological deficit continued to increase. (2) In 2007, the per capita ecological footprint of grassland in Henan province was 0.101 hm2/person, and it rose to 0.132 hm2/person in 2016, with a growth rate of 3.1%; while the per capita grassland carrying capacity decreased, the rate of decline was 26.2%, which was in unsustainable development status. (3) From 2007 to 2016, the per capita ecological footprint and per capita water carrying capacity of waters in Henan province had not changed much. Compared with cultivated land, woodland and grassland, the water supply and demand gap was the largest. Reducing the contradiction between water supply and demand and improving the utilization efficiency of waters and aquatic products were the key. (4) In agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, the per capita ecological footprint of forest land in Henan province was the only industry with a downward trend. In 2007, the ecological footprint of per capita forest land was 0.052 hm2/person, and in 2016 it fell to 0.046 hm2/person, down. The ratio was 11.54%; the per capita ecological carrying capacity of forest land was also the only growth industry among the four industries, with an increase rate of 27.90%, but it was still unsustainable. The agro ecological carrying capacity of Henan province from 2011 to 2016 was seriously insufficient. The protection of cultivated land, the confirmation and protection of grassland, the improvement of water and water use efficiency, and the continued return of farmland to forests are the keys.
Key words:  ecological footprint  ecological carrying capacity  agriculture  ecological deficit  Henan province
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