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| 德国精准农业做法及启示——以百年农场Gut Derenburg为例 |
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陈章全1, 吴勇2, 陈世雄1, 边全乐3, 曹崇建4, 陈宇4, 尹昌斌5, 尤飞5, 易小燕5, 尚斌6, 朱岗7, 王远吉8
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1.农业部发展计划司，北京 100125;2.全国农业技术推广服务中心，北京 100026;3.中国农学会，北京 100026;4.农业部工程建设服务中心，北京 100081;5.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所，北京 100081;6.中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所，北京 100081;7.新疆维吾尔自治区农业厅，乌鲁木齐 830049;8.宁夏农牧厅农业资源区划办公室,银川750002
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| 摘要: |
| ［目的］通过分析德国Gut Derenburg农场推进精准农业的做法和思路，以期对我国发展精准农业提供借鉴。［方法］采用实证研究法，介绍德国百年农场Gut Derenburg发展精准农业的基本情况，剖析其在改良土壤、底施磷钾肥和有机肥、变量追施氮肥和生长调节剂、农机作业等方面实施精准管理的应用实例，并总结其成功经验。［结果］Gut Derenburg农场的主要做法：（1）通过建立详实的土壤空间数据库和属性数据库，来实现对基肥施用（磷钾肥、有机肥）和土壤改良（应用堆肥和石灰调控土壤pH）的分区精准管理； （2）通过近红外光谱实时测定叶片营养状况、群体长势等实现中后期氮肥的变量精准施用和作物生长调节控制； （3）基于车载Telematics系统实现多农机同时高效作业的精准管理。［结论］Gut Derenburg农场对当前中国发展精准农业的启示：（1）以提高经济效益为前提； （2）以专业化服务为依托； （3）以提高资源利用效率为核心； （4）以规模经营为基础； （5）以提升劳动力素质为支撑。 |
| 关键词: 德国 精准农业 土壤数据库 分区管理 |
| DOI：10.7621/cjarrp.1005-9121.20170534 |
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| THE PRACTICE AND ENLIGHTENMENT OF PRECISION AGRICULTURE IN GERMAN——TAKING GUT DERENBURG FARM FOR EXAMPLE |
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Chen Zhangquan1, Wu Yong2, Chen Shixiong1, Bian Quanle3, Cao Chongjian4, Chen Yu4, Yin Changbin5, You Fei5, Yi Xiaoyan5, Shang Bin6, Zhu Gang7, Wang Yuanji8
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1.Department of Development and Planning, Ministry of Agriculture Beijing 100125, China;2.National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Beijing 100026, China;3.Chinese Agricultural Society, Beijing 100026, China;4.Engineering Construction Service Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China;5.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Agricultural Planning of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;6.Institute of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;7.Department of Agriculture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830049, China;8.Agricultural Resources Division Office, Ningxia Department of Agriculture and Pastoral, Yinchuan 750002, China
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| Abstract: |
| To provide a reference for the development of precision agriculture in China, this paper introduced the basic situation of the development of precision agriculture in Gut Derenburg farm, existed one hundred in Germany, analyzed management practices in soil improvement, the application of phosphorus and organic fertilizer, and agricultural machinery operation, and summarized the successful experience. The results showed that the main methods in Gut Derenburg farm included (1) through the establishment of detailed soil spatial and attribute database, to implement the basal fertilizer (phosphorus and organic fertilizer) and soil improvement (application of compost and lime to control soil pH) partition precision management;(2) by near infrared spectrum real-time measuring leaf nutritional status to control the variable precision of nitrogen fertilization and crop growth;(3) based on vehicle Telematics system to achieve more accurate and efficient operations of agricultural machinery. The enlightenments were: (1) to improve the economic benefit as the prerequisite,(2) to rely on professional service;(3) to improve resource utilization efficiency;(4) to support scale operation;(5) to improve labor quality. |
| Key words: precision agriculture soil database partition management Germany |