| 摘要: |
| 目的 提升农业全要素生产率是农业高质量发展的必由之路，而产权制度改革是提升农业全要素生产率的重要途径。自农地“三权分置”改革推行以来，我国政府出台了一系列配套政策，而农村承包土地的经营权抵押贷款试点政策是其中的一项重要内容。目前已有文献当中，很少有针对现行土地制度对农业全要素生产率的影响进行研究的，因此文章聚焦于农村承包土地经营权抵押贷款试点政策，分析农地“三权分置”改革对农业全要素生产率的影响。方法 该文采用2012—2018年中国县域数据，利用DEA-Malmquist指数法测算2012—2018年中国县域的农业全要素生产率，以2015年《农村承包土地的经营权抵押贷款试点暂行办法》的试点政策为准自然实验，运用双重差分处理效应模型，分析农地“三权分置”改革对县域农业全要素生产率的影响，利用中介效应模型，探究农地“三权分置”改革与县域农业全要素生产率之间的作用机制。结果 （1）在试点地区推行土地经营权抵押试点政策有利于提升县域农业效率，政策的实施使试点地区的农业全要素生产率提高13.50%；（2）虽然经营权抵押贷款试点政策对县域农业效率提升的促进作用非常明显，但长期效果并不显著；（3）农地“三权分置”改革会通过促进农户资金投入来使县域农业效率提升，但不会通过土地规模经营来使县域农业效率提升。结论 在深化农地“三权分置”改革的过程中，需完善相关制度体系，优化政策设计，确保政策精准对接农业生产实际需求，为农户提供有效的金融支持和技术指导；加强政策实施监管和评估，确保政策有效执行，及时调整策略以适应各地农业发展需求；考虑地区实际，因地制宜地制定政策，培育新型农业经营主体，合理调控土地流转，实现适度规模经营，为农业高质量发展注入新活力。 |
| 关键词: “三权分置”改革 土地经营权抵押贷款 土地制度 县域农业效率 处理效应模型 |
| DOI：10.7621/cjarrp.1005-9121.20250512 |
| 分类号:F32 |
| 基金项目:国家社会科学基金重点项目“以人为核心的新型城镇化下提高农业转移人口市民化质量研究”(21AZD044)；中共辽宁省委宣传部文化名家暨“四个一批”人才项目 “文化名家暨‘四个一批’人才”（XLYC2210019）；辽宁省高等学校基本科研项目“增强辽宁省县域经济综合实力研究”（JYTMS20231307） |
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| THE REFORM OF THE SEPARATION OF THE THREE RIGHTS OF RURAL LAND AND THE IMOROVEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL EFFICIENCY IN COUNTIES——A QUASI NATURAL EXPERIMENT ON THE PILOT POLICY OF MORTAGE LOANS FOR THE MANAGEMENT RIGHTS OF RURAL CONTRACTED LAND |
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Wang Zhenhua, Song Ge, Zhao Hongliang
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College of Economics and Management, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 100866, Liaoning, China
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| Abstract: |
| To improve agricultural total factor productivity（TFP） is the only way for high-quality agricultural development, and the reform of property rights system is an important way to improve agricultural TFP. Since the implementation of the reform of the separation of the three rights of rural land, the Chinese government has issued a series of supporting policies, and the pilot policy of the mortgage loan for the management right of rural contracted land is an important content. At present, there are few studies on the impact of the current land system on agricultural TFP. Therefore, this research focuses on the pilot policy of mortgage loan for rural contracted land management rights, and analyzes the impact of the reform of the separation of three rights of agricultural land on agricultural TFP. And based on the data of counties in China from 2012 to 2018, this study adopted the DEA-Malmquist index method to estimate the agricultural TFP of counties in China from 2012 to 2018, and took the pilot policy of 2015 "Interim Measures for the Pilot mortgage Loan of the management right of contracted Rural land" as the natural experiment, and used the difference-in-differences model to analyze the impact of the reform of the three rights division of agricultural land on the total TFP of county agriculture, then explored the mechanism between the reform of the three rights division of agricultural land and TFP of county agriculture by using the intermediary effect model. The results were showed as follows. (1) The implementation of the land management right mortgage pilot policy in the pilot areas was conducive to improving the agricultural efficiency in the county, and the implementation of the policy had increased the agricultural TFP in the pilot areas by 13.50%; (2) Although the pilot policy of managerial rights mortgage loan had a very obvious promoting effect on the improvement of county agricultural efficiency, the long-term effect was not significant; (3) The reform of the separation of three rights of agricultural land would improve the efficiency of county agriculture by promoting the capital investment of farmers, but it would not improve the efficiency of county agriculture by land scale management. Therefore, in the process of deepening the reform of the three rights separation of agricultural land, it is necessary to improve the relevant system, optimize the policy design, ensure that the policy accurately meets the actual needs of agricultural production, and provide effective financial support and technical guidance for farmers. And, it is essential to strengthen the supervision and evaluation of policy implementation, ensure the effective implementation of policies, and timely adjust strategies to meet the needs of local agricultural development; In addition, taking into account local conditions, it should formulate policies in accordance with local conditions, cultivate new types of agricultural operators, rationally regulate land transfer, achieve appropriate scale management, and inject new vitality into high-quality agricultural development. |
| Key words: reform of the separation of three powers mortgage loans for land management rights land system county agricultural efficiency processing effect model |
